4th Year
SES 401 Soil Survey and Remote Sensing:
Definition and aspects of soil survey; importance and agricultural uses of survey data. Order of soil
survey: their names, publication scales, mapping units, purposes, techniques and uses with merits and
demerits. Planning in soil survey work, traverse plan.
Principal types of base materials: aerial photograph, aerial mosaic, topo-sheet, mouza map and satellite
images – their scales, usages, advantages and disadvantages. History of aeraial photography and
platforms, stereo and effective coverage, photo distortion, flight planning, aerial camera, film and filter.
Basic principles of photogrammetry: photo scale, height, relief displacement and area measurement
and correction. Aerial photo interpretation (API): definition and principle, elements of object
identification and analysis. Theory of stereovision, stereo base and parallactic angle. Stereoscope and
their uses in analysis and interpretation of stereo-pairs.
Examination and description of soil in the field, taxonomic units of soil classification. Tools and
techniques of soil sampling, collection of soil samples for laboratory analyses, and fertilizer
recommendation, etc. Soil maps: mapping units, mapping scale and mapping legend, digital mapping,
plotting of soil boundaries, soil correlation and inspection, soil grouping on the map.
Land evaluation: type, principle and purpose, land capability and crop suitability classification.
Sustainable land use planning. Soil survey interpretations for agricultural and non-agricultural uses.
Preparation of soil survey report and recommendations. SRDI and soil survey database in Bangladesh:
District Reconnaissance Reports and Upazila Nirdeshika.
Remote sensing: historical background, electromagnetic spectrum, basic principles and components;
platforms, satellite system, sensors and resolution types; ultra and hyper-spectral sensing, data
acquisition, data processing, data/image interpretation and analysis. Spectral reflectance characteristics of
soil and other objects. Uses and application of remotely sensed data for soil survey and land use
planning. SPARRSO: remote sensing organization in Bangladesh.
SES 402 Soil and Environmental Conservation:
Soil conservation: past, present and future approaches; Objectives and principles of soil conservation;
planning soil conservation for a given area; land capability classification; Problems of implementing soil
conservation practices in the field; Socio-economic aspects of soil conservation. Soil as a basic and
irreplaceable resource; population versus resource base of the world.
Conservation biology and biodiversity; Global Biodiversity: Components of biodiversity; Biodiversity
crisis and the origin of conservation biology; Responsibilities of conservation biology.
Techniques and methods of biodiversity conservation; management categories for conservation:
Protected areas of Bangladesh.
Soil degradation: types and processes of soil degradation; assessment of degradation problem on world
scale; soil degradation in South Asia countries including Bangladesh.
Soil erosion: classification of soil erosion; harmful effects of soil erosion; factors affecting; water and
wind erosion; quantifying the impact of erosion; field measurement of erosion; predicting erosion
potential erosion models; monitoring soil erosion impact on crop productivity; erosion control:
agronomic practices and mechanical practices.
Forest resources of Bangladesh as resource base and their conservation.
Wildlife resources of Bangladesh and their conservation: (a) Wildlife management in Bangladesh (b)
Wildlife management principles: Ecological basis, hunting refuges, predator control, artificial stocking,
carrying capacity, habitat improvement, interspersion, territories, diseases (c) List of extinct wildlife of Bangladesh.
Germplasm conservation and seed banks: Uses of genetic information in conservation, Ex situ and In
situ conservation, Farmers roles and right.
Sustainable land use: defining sustainability; sustainable land use system and soil resilience; assessment
of soil sustainability; soil quality concept; physical, chemical and biological indicators of soil quality.
Sustainable Living in the Biosphere: Biodiversity under protection; World Conservation strategy; IBP
and MAB Programs
Books recommended:
Soil Conservation and Sustainable Landuse – T.H. Khan
Advances in Soil Science, Vol. II: Soil Degradation – R. Lal and B.A. Stewart
Methods for Assessment of Soil Degradation – W.H. Blum, C. Valentine and B.A. Stewart (Ed.)
Soil Erosion and Conservation – R.P.C. Morgan
Global Biodiversity Assessment, V.H. Heywood 1995, UNEP
Frankel. O.H. Brown, A.H.D. and Burdan, J.J. 1995. Conservation of Plant Diversity, Cambridge
University. Cambridge.
SES 403 Soil and Environmental Management:
Objective and Principle of soil management; Preparation of seedbed; maintenance of organic matter in
soil; nitrogen economy of soils; organic manures-green manure, farm manure, compost and other organic
manures, preparation of different types of manures and composts; microbiology of manures and
composts, importance of manures and composts in improving soil properties and crop yield.
Problem soils of Bangladesh: origin and nature of problem soils, formation, properties and amelioration
and management of various problematic soils, Saline, Sodic, Acid soils, Acid sulphate soils, Hill soils,
Forest soils, Sandy soils, Drought prone soils, Waterlogged soils, soils contaminated with pesticides and
other pollutants, organic soils and their utilization. Distribution, management and use of problems soils in
Bangladesh.
Concept of dryland farming and organic farming.
Books recommended:
Soil Management of India- H. R. Arakari, G.V. Chalan, P.Satyanarayan, R.L. Donahue
The Nature and Properties of Soil – N.C. Brady and R.R. Weil
Handbook of Soil Science- Sumner
The Soils of Bangladesh- S.M. Imamul Huq and Jalal Uddin M Shoib (Springer)
SES 404 Environmental Laws and Protocols:
Introduction – history and relation among law, protocol and ethics: Legal aspects of environmental
resource management – concepts and principles of environmental law, its legislative development,
environmental law and its crisis, legal aspects of land, air, water and biological resource management:
property rights – traditional/indigenous knowledge and management of common resources: ethics of
resource management – selected social and moral problems with respect to environment, obligation to
future generation, the Lane Ethics, responsibilities of developed and developing countries, foundation for
an environmental ethics: factors influencing environmental conflict and
Water pollution control act; clean water act; Safe drinking water act; clean air act.
Soil and water resources conservation act in Bangladesh.
International environmental conventions, protocols and treaties and their implementation in Bangladesh;
International organization involved in environmental law, protocols, conventions and treaties (UNEP,
UNDP, Green peace, IUCN, etc); A comparative study of environmental laws in developed and
developing countries and its enforcement.
Books recommended:
Warren LM and Gibson J (1999) Environmental Law and Policy, Blackwell Science
UNEP (1997) Handbook of Environmental law, UNEP, Kenya
Elliot R (Ed) (1995) Environmental Ethics, OUP
Sattar SA: Introduction to Environmental Laws of Bangladesh
SES 405 Agronomy and Crops of Bangladesh:
Principles of Agronomy; Origin and importance of agriculture; Agronomy and duties of an agronomist;
Location, area, climate, rivers and agricultural seasons of Bangladesh; Agronomic classification of plants;
Crop propagation.
Agricultural climatology: Weather and climatological elements; Influence of weather and climate on
vegetation and crop production; Factors affecting climate of a region.
Soil tillage: Purposes of tillage practices; Soil tilth; Types and methods of tillage operations;
Conservation tillage; Tillage equipment and implements – their classification and suitability of their use
to different soils and crops; Farm machinery.
Seed: Definition and importance of seed; Seed germination; Seed dormancy; Quality of good seeds and
seedlings; Factors affecting quality of seeds and seedlings; Evaluation of seed quality; Seed testing and
seed treatment; Seed certification; Seed rate; Seed law; Maximum economic yield of crop.
Weeds: Classification of weeds; Harmful and beneficial effects of weeds; Crop – weed association;
Weed management and control. Herbicides – classification, use and methods of application; Weed control
environmental concerns; Common weeds of Bangladesh.
Classification of crops.
Agronomy of arable crops of Bangladesh: origin, climate, soil requirements, cultural practices,
fertilization, harvesting and storing of the main crops of Bangladesh.
Cereal crops of Bangladesh: Rice, wheat and maize. Brief description about other minor cereal crops of
Bangladesh.
Fibre crops of Bangladesh: Jute and cotton. Brief description about other minor fibre crops.
Other important crops of Bangladesh: Sugarcane, potato, tobacco, pulse and oilseed crops.
Agronomy of perennial crops: Tea, rubber, jackfruit, mango and coconut.
Cropping systems practised in Bangladesh: monocropping, mixed cropping, multiple cropping and
crop rotation,Cropping intensity.
General survey of agricultural data in relation to the production of different crops of Bangladesh.
Books recommended:
Principles of Agronomy – L.C. Pearson
Principles of Field Crop Production – J.H. Martin
Crop Production: Principles and Practices – D.S. Metcalfe and D.M. Elkins
Agronomy – S.S. Singh
Weed Science: Principles – W.P. Anderson
Handbook of Agronomy – H. Kabir
Production of Field Crops – M.S. Kipps
Fundamentals of Agronomy – G.C. Dey.
Fruit Crops – T. Radha and L. Mathew.
Handbook of Agricultural Science – S.S. Singh
SES 406 Environmental Impact Assessments and Auditing:
Introduction: definition, scope and goal of Environmental impact assessment (EIA), international and
national aspects of EIA, role of DoE on application of EIA in Bangladesh.
Background and legal framework, baseline studies, capacity building, Project cycle- IEE and EIA, EIA
characteristics and function of EIA, Methodologies (Adhoc, checklist, matrices, network diagram,
overlays and mathematical modelling), social impact assessment, EIA reporting and review, case studies
(water quality impact, Large dam construction, tourism development; industrial development,
afforestation).
Public involvement with Impact Assessment: Required of skill ecologist/personalities for EIA,
Training provisions for EIA, Impact Assessment costs.
Environment Risk Assessment (ERA): Definition, legal framework, risk evaluation, risk
characterization, public perception of risk Major steps in ERA , Risk characterization and comparative
risk assessment, risk analysis, industrial issues and health risk, case studies.
Environmental Regulation and Auditing: Hazardous waste legislation, protocols, institutional and
legal framework, ISO 14000, the nature of environmental auditing, audit planning, basic component of
auditing, beneficiary groups.
Environmental management planning (EMP): Monitoring and mitigation of environmental problems,
sustainability concept and development, valuing the environment.
Books recommended:
P.Watheru, 1992, Environmental Impact Assessment – Theory and Practice, Chapman and Hall Ltd,
NewYork.
L.Q. Center, 1996, Environmental Impact Assessment, McGraw-Hill, Inc, New York. N.Harley and
C.L.Spash, 1998.
SES 407 Biostatistics:
Population and sampling; plot size, shape and orientation; Analysis of variance – its application in
one-way and two way classification data.
Sampling techniques- their advantages and disadvantages;
Hypothesis:-Hypothesis testing, Null hypothesis, choice of test. Test of significance – the least significant
difference (LSD); Duncun’s new multiple-range test; Tukey’s w-procedure; F- distribution, students t-test
and their application.
Principles of experimental design: objectives of an experiment, Elementary idea of experimental
designs used in agriculture. Different types of experimental designs and importance in biological
experiment.Completely randomized design, Randomized block design, Latin square design, lattice
design, balanced lattice design, split-plot and strips-plot design; factorial experiments – their field layout,
analysis of variance and signification test;
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Uses of different types of statistical software in agriculture, biological and environmental
experiment.
Books recommended:
An Introductions to Statistics – Muhammad Ali Mian and M. Alimullah Miyan
Statistical Methods – G.M. Senedicor
Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research – Kwanchai A. Gomez and Arturo A. Gomez
Simple Lessons from Biometry – S.M.Z. Zaman, Kamal Rahim and Manotosh Howlader
Methods in Biostatistics – B.K. Mahajan
SES 408 Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem:
Introduction – definition and importance: Classification of coastal system – estuaries, tidal wetlands,
coral reefs, beaches and shoreline: Description and categorization of coastal ecosystem: Anthropogenic
and natural disturbances of coast – sources of pollution, environmental perturbation of coastal aquatic
habitat: Impact of coastal aquaculture on environment
Coastal resources: Resource evaluation – vital areas, resource capability, use allocation: Coast protection
– multistructure, beach nourishment, groans, coastal embankment etc, their problems and remedies:
Development options in the coast and constraints – tourism and recreation, fisheries resources, nature
conservation, infrastructure development: Guidelines for coast development and management: Policy
analysis and case studies. Management of Coastal habitats towards sustainability.
Freshwater wetlands in Bangladesh: characteristics and dynamics. Floral and faunal diversity and their
conservations. Protection of coastal and wetland soils.
Books recommended:
Boaden PJS and Seed R (1985) An Introduction to Coastal Ecology. Blackie
Robertson AI and Alongi DM (1992) Tropical mangrove Ecosystem. AGV, USA
SES 409 Chemistry of Paddy Soil:
Chemistry of waterlogged soil – characteristics of waterlogged soils; electrochemical changes;
transformations of N, P, S, Fe, Mn and other nutrients; chemical changes during drying of waterlogged
soils; decomposition of organic matter and its effect on soil chemical properties; chemical, physical and
biological conditions prevailing in paddy soils; adaptation of plants to waterlogged soils.
Chemical potential of soil cations and anions: chemical equilibrium – general principle; pH and
solubility of different chemical compounds; equilibrium involving sparingly soluble crystalline solids –
calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, oxides of iron and aluminum.
Books recommended:
The Nature and Properties of Soils – Brady and Weil
Principles of Soil Chemistry – Tan
Russell’s Soil Conditions and Plant Growth – Alan Wild
Soil Chemistry – Bohn
Mineral Nutrition of Rice – IRRI
SES 410 Environmental Hazards and Disaster Management:
Introduction: Concept of risk, hazard, disaster and vulnerability, types of risk, factors of risk, risk
management goals and strategies, principals of risk management framework.
Hazards in the environment: definition of event, hazard and disaster, classification and dimension of
disaster, hazards caused stages and sequences.
Introduction; definition, natural processes, human activities: River flooding; magnitude and
frequency of floods, nature and extent of flood hazards, urbanization and flooding, perception of flood.
Coastal hazards: Types and causes of coastal hazards, tropical cyclones, tsunamies, coastal erosion,
perception and adjustment of coastal hazards, Landslides and related phenomenon; slope stability, causes
of landslides, human use and landslides, perception of landslide hazards. Adjustment of hazard, warning
and forecasting system, case study in Bangladesh.
Earthquake and related phenomena: magnitude, intensity and frequency of earthquakes, earthquake
caused by human activity, earthquake hazard reduction, prediction and control: Volcanic activity; effects
of volcanic activity, prediction of volcanic activity, perception of the volcanic hazards: Quantitative and
qualitative approaches to environmental hazards; identification, characterization and control techniques:
Aspect of earth processes and environmental health: some geologic factors of environmental health,
trace elements and health, diseases and geologic environment.
Disaster and hazard reduction: Scope of mitigation of environmental disaster and hazards, methods of
mitigation, livelihood adaptation, risks reduction model, institution (flood action program, FAP), early
warning information and GIS based disaster technology.
Risk and hazard assessment.
Books recommended:
Smith, 1995, Environmental Hazard, 2nd edition.
Lundgren L (1986) Environmental Geology. Prentice Hall
Keller EA (1985) Environmental Geology. CBS Pub and Distributor, Delhi
SES 411 Environmental Modelling:
Introduction: Definition, scope and purpose of environmental modelling; Model classification,
conceptual model, physical model, analytical model, numerical model, computer model; elements and
steps of modelling, Calibration and Verification of model; Mass balance equation.
Transport Phenomena: Pollution transport process in the aquatic environment, Advection, Diffusion
and Dispersion; advective and dispersive transport equations; selection of model; Compartmentalization
and box model, Simple Transport Model.
Groundwater modeling: Introduction, Darcy’s Law, Flow Equations, conceptual model design, grid
design, boundary conditions, testing of model; Contaminant Solute Transport Equation, Sorption,
Retardation and Reactions, Unsaturated Zones, Remediation, Numerical Methods; introduction to
MODFLOW, MODPATH, MT3D etc.
Surface water modeling: Conventional Pollutants in Rivers; Plug-Flow system, Streeter-Phelps
Equation, Modification to Streeter-Phelps Equation, Waste load allocations, Dissolved Oxygen in Large
rivers and Estuaries; introduction to relevant softwares.
Global Change and Climate models: Introduction to Global Climate models(GCMs), and Regional
Climate Models(RCMs), Hydrological Models; Other emerging models; model predictions, limitations of
model and uncertainties.
Books recommended:
Environmental Modeling, Jerald L. Schnoor, John Willey & Sons, 1996.
Environmental Modelling, Software And Decision Support-State of the Art and New Perspectives, Edited
by A.J. Jakeman, Elsevier, 2008
Applied Groundwater Modeling, Simulation of Flow and Advective Transport, Marry P. Anderson and
Willium W. Woessner, Academic Press Inc. 1991
Transport Modeling for Environmental Engineers and Scientists, Mark M. Clark, John Willey & Sons,
1996.
Energy and Environment – Modeling and Simulation, B.K. Bala, Nova Sci Pub, USA, 1998.
Introduction to Ecological Modeling – putting theory into practice, M. Gillman, R. Hails, Blackwell
Science, 1997
SES 412 Bangladesh Studies in relation to Soil and Environment:
The 21st February: Bangle as Mother tongue; the liberation War; The victory day of Bangladesh. Socioeconomic impact of independence in Bangladesh. Cultural and agricultural activities of Bangladesh.
Location of Bangladesh: The geographic location; neighbor’s country of Bangladesh; the Socio-economic
and agricultural activities of south Asian country.
Topographical features of Bangladesh: physiographic units and their description.
Climatic components of Bangladesh: Rainfall; temperature; humidity, sunlight and evaporation trends in
Bangladesh.
Production and impact of green house gases in Bangladesh.
Agro-ecological zones of Bangladesh: general concepts, location and names, nutrient status and fertilizer
requirements
Forest and environment: location, names, importance and management in Bangladesh.
Soil and Environmental pollution in Bangladesh: tannery, textile and dyeing industries, pharmaceuticals,
automobiles, power plant, food and beverage industrial pollution in Bangladesh. Air and Noise pollution
in Bangladesh. Arsenic pollution in Bangladesh.
Pollution level and control: minimum, maximum, tolerable, and permissible limit of different toxic
metals ( As, Cr, Pb, Cd, Ni, Hg etc.) and pollutants in soil, plant , water, and air recommended by DOE
Bangladesh.
Disasters in Bangladesh: History, past and present; common disasters in Bangladesh; socio-economic and
environmental impact of disasters in Bangladesh; Impact of disasters (Floods, cyclones, river-bank
erosion, droughts and landslides) in agriculture and environment of Bangladesh.
Books recommended:
Soil Classification with Reference to the Soils of Bangladesh – M.S. Hussain
Soils of Bangladesh: their Genesis, Classification and Use Potential – M.M. Hassan
Soils of Bangladesh – M.R. Rahaman
The Geography of the Soils of Bangladesh – H. Brammer
Bangladesh Environment by BAPA
Annual Reports of DOE, Government of Bangladesh
Cheers!
Credit: Syllabus of the Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences for B.S. (Honours) Course | The University of Barishal
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